منابع مشابه
Global Modeling of the Contrail and Contrail Cirrus Climate Impact
conditions, their direct radiative effect is mainly determined by coverage and optical depth. The microphysical properties of contrail cirrus likely differ from those of most natural cirrus, at least during the initial stages of the contrail cirrus life cycle (Heymsfield et al. 2010). Contrails form and persist in air that is ice saturated, whereas natural cirrus usually requires high ice super...
متن کاملProcess-based simulation of contrail cirrus in a global climate model
[1] Aviation induces changes in global cirrus cloudiness by producing contrails. In the past, line shaped contrail coverage has been parameterized relying on the scaling of contrail formation frequency to observed values. Coverage due to irregularly shaped contrail cirrus, that develop from line shaped contrails, could not be estimated with this method. We introduce a process-based parameteriza...
متن کاملPersistent Contrails and Contrail Cirrus. Part II: Full Lifetime Behavior
More than 200 large-eddy simulations of long-lived contrails from several-seconds age until their demise have been performed and their lifetime-integrated behavior has been analyzed. The simulations employ sizeresolved microphysics and include variations of effective ice crystal number emission index, temperature, relative humidity with respect to ice, stratification, shear, supersaturated-laye...
متن کاملA case study of the radiative forcing of persistent contrails evolving into contrail-induced cirrus
[1] The radiative forcing due to a distinct pattern of persistent contrails that form into contrail-induced cirrus near and over the UK is investigated in detail for a single case study during March 2009. The development of the contrail-induced cirrus is tracked using a number of high-resolution polar orbiting and lower-resolution geostationary satellite instruments and is found to persist for ...
متن کاملPersistent Contrails and Contrail Cirrus. Part I: Large-Eddy Simulations from Inception to Demise
Large-eddy simulations with size-resolved microphysics are used to model persistent aircraft contrails and contrail-induced cirrus from a fewwing spans behind the aircraft until their demise aftermany hours. Schemes for dynamic local ice binning and updating coupled radiation dynamically as needed in individual columns were developed for numerical efficiency, along with a scheme for maintaining...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Geoscientific Model Development
سال: 2012
ISSN: 1991-9603
DOI: 10.5194/gmd-5-543-2012